Hot Rolled 416 Stainless Steel Round Bar Solid Solution Stainless Steel Rod OD5 - 350mm

1.4005 (416) Bar

A martensitic machining bar with machinability enhanced through the addition of Phosphorus and Sulphur.

Grade 416 has the highest machinability of any stainless steel, at about 85% of that of a free-machining carbon steel. As for most other free-machining stainless steels the improvement in machinability is achieved by addition of sulphur which forms manganese sulphide inclusions; this sulphur addition also lowers the corrosion resistance, weldability and formability to below that of its non-free machining equivalent Grade 410.
Grade 416 is sometimes used in the unhardened or hardened and highly tempered condition because of its low cost and ready machinability.
Martensitic stainless steels are optimised for high hardness, and other properties are to some degree compromised. Fabrication must be by methods that allow for poor weldability and usually also allow for a final harden and temper heat treatment. Corrosion resistance is lower than the common austenitic grades, and their useful operating temperature range is limited by their loss of ductility at sub-zero temperatures and loss of strength by over-tempering at elevated temperatures.

Chemical Composition
Fe, <0.15% C, 12.0-14.0% Cr, <1.25% Mn, <1.0% Si, <0.06% P, >0.15% S

Inventory
416 Stainless Steel Round Bar, 416 Stainless Steel Flat Bar, 416 Stainless Steel Square Bar

Common Trade Names
416 Stainless, 416 Stainless Steel

Features

• Because of its poor welding qualities, individuals would be directed to use 410 grade as a placement, if welding work was needed.
• Found relatively corrosion resistant in dry atmospheres, fresh water and moderate to mild alkalies/acids.

Corrosion Resistance

Corrosion resistance is lower than the common austenitic grades.

Useful resistance to dry atmospheres, fresh water and mild alkalies and acids, but less resistant than the equivalent non-free-machining grades. Less corrosion resistant than the austenitic grades and also less than 17% chromium ferritic alloys such as Grade 430. High sulphur content free machining grades such as 416 are totally unsuitable for marine or other chloride exposure.

Maximum corrosion resistance is achieved in the hardened condition, with a smooth surface finish.

Heat Resistance

Fair resistance to scaling in intermittent service up to 760°C and up to 675°C in continuous service. Not recommended for use in temperatures above the relevant tempering temperature, if maintenance of mechanical properties is important.

Fabrication

Fabrication must be by methods that allow for poor weldability and usually also allow for a final harden and temper heat treatment.

Cold Working

Not recommended - Suitable only for minor deformation. Severe deformation will result in cracking.

Hot Working

All hot work procedures should commence following uniform heating to 2100-2250 F (1149-1232 C). Hot work below 1700 F (927 C) may result in cracking.

Machinability

Grade 416 offers exceptionally good machinability, the highest of any of the commonly available stainless steels. Best machinability is in the sub-critical annealed condition.

Heat Treatment

Full Annealing - Heat to 815-900°C for ½ hour per 25mm of thickness. Cool at 30°C per hour maximum to 600°C and air cool.

Sub-Critical Annealing - Heat to 650-760°C and air cool.

Hardening - Hardened by heating to 925-1010°C, quenching in oil, and tempering to suit the mechanical requirements. See accompanying table.

Condition: Tensile Strength Range (N/mm² or MPa) QT 650: 650 - 850

QT 700: 700 - 850

QT 800: 800 - 950

QT 850: 850 - 1000

QT 900: 900 - 1050

Applications
Similar to 410 grade, 416 stainless steel is often found used in common bolts, nuts, and gears, but it also has become commonplace in valve parts, pump and motor shafts, and washing machine components.

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